Birman
Also known as: Sacred Birman, Sacred Cat of Burma
Breed at a glance
- Origin
- Sweden , France , Burma
- Other names
- Sacred Birman, Sacred Cat of Burma
About the Birman
The Birman is a medium-sized cat breed originating from Sweden, France, and Burma. Characterized by a pointed coat pattern and white "gloves" on their paws.
Overview
The Birman , also called the "Sacred Cat of Burma", is a domestic cat breed . The Birman is a long-haired, colour-pointed cat distinguished by a silky coat, deep blue eyes, and contrasting white "gloves" on each paw. The breed name is derived from Birmanie , the French form of Burma . The breed was first recognised in 1925 in France .
Health
A study in the UK of veterinary records found the Birman to have a life expectancy of 14.39 years based on a sample of 38 cats, higher than the 11.74 average overall. Paltrinieri, Giraldi, Prolo, Scarpa, et al . (2017) found that Birman cats have a high serum concentration of creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine , but most Birman cats have higher concentrations of creatinine than SDMA. Creatinine is a creatine phosphate and is produced during metabolism of creatine, and is excreted through urination. SDMA is a methylated form of the amino acid arginine and is released during normal catabolisms of body proteins. Levels of creatinine and SDMA are found when Birman cats are tested for chronic kidney disease, for which they are at high risk. Birman cats are also at risk of developing feline infectious peritonitis ; a disease that alters the renal function (creatinine levels in blood and urine) in the cats. In a review of over 5,000 cases of urate urolithiasis the Birman was over-represented with an odds ratio of 6.77. Feline audiogenic reflex seizures (FARS), a recently discovered type of epilepsy in cats, is believed to be particularly common in Birman cats.
History
No clear record of the breed''s origin exists. They are most often claimed to have originated as the companions of temple priests in northern Burma in the Mount of Lugh. Many stories exist of how the cats first came to France, including pairs of cats being given as a reward for helping defend a temple, or being smuggled out of Burma and Sweden by a Vanderbilt . Another pair of Birmans (or a pregnant female called Poupée de Maldapour ) were said to have been stolen and later imported to France by Thadde Haddisch. The first traces of historical Birmans go back to a Mme Leotardi in Nice , France. Birmans were almost wiped out as a breed during World War II . Only two cats were alive in Europe at the end of the war, a pair named Orloff and Xenia de Kaabaa, both belonging to Baudoin-Crevoisier. The foundation of the breed in postwar France were offspring of this pair. They had to be heavily outcrossed with long-hair breeds such as Persian and Siamese to rebuild the Birman breed. By the early 1950s, pure Birman litters were again being produced. The restored breed was recognized in Britain in 1965 and by the Cat Fanciers'' Association (CFA) in 1966. The first Birman cats were seal point. The blue point colour was introduced in 1959 using blue Persian lines. New colours were later added by English breeders including chocolate, red, and tabby / lynx points . Birmans have also been used in the development of new breeds such as the Ragdoll .
Appearance
Birmans have a medium-sized, rectangular body with a broad face and distinct Roman nose. Their ears are ideally as wide on the base as they are tall and should be set as much on top of the head as on the side. The eyes are rounded and should be a deep sapphire blue. The Birman''s fur is medium-long and should have a silky texture. Unlike a Persian or Himalayan , they have no undercoat, thus are much less prone to matting. Coat colour is always pointed , save for the contrasting pure white, symmetrical "gloves" on each paw that are the trademark of the breed. The white must involve all toes and in front must stop at the articulation or at the transition of toes to metacarpals. These gloves should extend noticeably further up the back of the leg (referred to as the "laces"), finishing with an inverted V extended half to three-fourths up the hock. Any other spot of white on the points is considered a serious fault. The base body colour is white to cream, with a wash of colour that corresponds to the points, but is much paler. Recognized point colours are seal, chocolate, red and the corresponding dilute varieties: blue, lilac and cream. Tabby and tortie variations in seal, chocolate, blue or lilac are also allowed; other colours are in development.
Breed recognition
The Birman breed was first recognized in France by the Cat Club de France in 1925, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFé) in 1949, in England by the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in 1966, and in United States by the CFA in 1967. The breed was also recognized by the Canadian Cat Association (CCA) and The International Cat Association (TICA) in 1979.
Genetic diversity
A 2008 study by Lipinski et al. found that the Birman has one of the lowest levels of genetic diversity of all the breeds studied.
Birman naming conventions
Many Birman breeders follow the French tradition of assigning all kittens born in a particular year given names that begin with the same letter of the alphabet. Countries with breeders using this convention include Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, the U.K., and the U.S. Kittens born in 2016 would start with ''N'', and in 2017 ''O'', and so on.
Frequently asked questions
What are the key characteristics of the Birman?
The Birman is a long-haired, colour-pointed cat with a silky coat, deep blue eyes, and contrasting white 'gloves' on each paw. The breed comes in a variety of point colours, including seal, blue, chocolate, and lilac. Males typically weigh between 11-15 pounds, while females weigh between 9-13 pounds.
Is the Birman a good family cat?
Birmans are known for their calm and affectionate nature, making them a suitable choice for families with children. However, as with any cat breed, early socialization and training are essential to ensure a harmonious household. They are generally quiet and not overly demanding, but still require regular attention and care.
What health problems do Birmans have?
Birmans are generally a healthy breed, but they can be prone to certain health issues, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, patellar luxation, and hip dysplasia. They also have a higher risk of kidney disease and amyloidosis. Regular veterinary check-ups and genetic testing can help identify potential problems early on.
How much does a Birman kitten cost?
The cost of a Birman kitten can vary depending on factors such as location, breeder reputation, and bloodline. On average, a pet-quality Birman kitten can cost between $600-$1,200, while a show-quality kitten can range from $1,200-$3,000 or more. It's essential to research reputable breeders and ask about the kitten's health guarantees and registration.